Service National Youth Scheme: Incorporating Ube on national unity
INTRODUCTION
When General Yakubu Gowon NYSC established by Decree May 24, 1973, its main goal was to promote the ideals of national unity and a sense of common destiny between Nigeria and remove the suspicion and distrust that has mental engendered by civil war, however, it is time that the program had a facelift, if not a new face in its entirety, with calls from various quotas in the President or who ever is responsible for assessing and auditing the system, the president has promised a review of the system, in my opinion I think the review should be the one to involve the real actors in the business of NYSC, involving corp members, both serving and past, parents, teacher and community leaders and employers rullers traditional workmanship. At this meeting the target NYSC must be examined critically and express themselves differently. Wordy of mention is the set of existing targets and are
- promote unity and national integration
- raise the moral tone young people by exposing them to the highest ideals of nation building
- further promote national economic development and labor mobility less developed areas
- encourage employers to Nigerians irrespective of their origin or ethnic group
having considered all this will be of great benefit, if we examine how the regime has made / been since creation.
NYSC IN RELATION TO OTHER COUNTRIES IN NATIONAL SERVICE
Nigeria – one years service in the National Youth Service Corps is compulsory for all university and polytechnic graduates under the age of 30, with exemptions for service in the armed forces, police and graduation with honors. Were recruited 85,000 in 1998/99. The program was founded in 1973 after the civil war to promote understanding between ethnic groups by the group serving outside their home states and contribute to national development. 70% of corps members serve in schools, health centers and other projects to absorb the balance. One day each week all members Corps are expected to participate in community service projects are designed by local communities they serve.
As for the regime in Nigeria, we will consider how it looks in other countries first are those where it is compulsory for young people with certain qualities will participate, then those that require voluntary participation.
Programs in which certain categories of young people are obliged to participate:
Israel – A National military service there is almost universal, and has been an important institution social welfare and defense force since the country was established (exemptions for ultra-Orthodox Jews and Israeli Arabs and religious serving in alternative service programs). Men serve for three years and women for two years. Government will establish a pilot for a program not military national service, of Israelis who are exempt from military service for any reason (May 2000) to correct inequities in who serves in the Israeli army, For example, Israeli Arabs are about 20% of the population. National Service Opportunities also exist through the movement and Israeli kibbutzim movements juveniles, although participation in these programs is not a substitute for military service. 500 000 Average current military strength of the total population of 6 m.
Mexico – All students must participate in the program of the University Social Services in the last third of their programs scholars to receive their diplomas. This program was created by law in 1944 to bring the resources of universities with the national goal of eliminating poverty. All professionals with medical training should serve disadvantaged communities for a year before they can be licensed. In 1996, recruits were given the option serve in the army or in one of three national service programs encompassing adult literacy, social work and sports promotion. NGOs and
Government organizations also organize youth youth service projects. Youth is defined as 12-24 years, 28% of the population of 98.1 m. Second National Youth Conference for Development Our Future Now – empowering young people through youth development workshops International Perspectives
Egypt – A national service program that exists for young graduates from high school female to serve as the military equivalent of military service for young men. In principle, women must fulfill their national service before they can be employed in the public sector. Women serve for six months, so general in a literacy center in the framework of the government's literacy campaign. Nongovernmental organizations such as Scouts and Guides and programs by NGOs in urban and rural youth to participate in community service.
Programs in which participation is voluntary:
China – Chinese Young Volunteers Program sponsored and funded largely by the Communist Youth League, established in 1994, operated through a national network of provincial associations and local participants CYVP 72.4 m (460 m from 1914 to 1935 age, 38% of the total population); typical participant is a student of 19-25 years of age or volunteer workers once a month for several hours weekends and holidays (youth survey found that most believe that 80 hours per year is the right amount of time; survey also reveals that young people that the main beneficiaries must be persons with disabilities and the elderly loners); CYVP is able to mobilize a large number of participants in events as the Beijing conference on Women, the national parties or rescue and disaster relief, the highest motivation are factors to help others lower; were to gain more power and prestige and to respond to the call of government
USA – The Government supports multiple programs for youth service through the Corporation for National Service staff: service learning in schools and higher education institutions involving several million students, the programs run by community-based organizations, and full and part-time bodies of Service (AmeriCorps) to 50,000 people each year are 17 years or more. The appropriation of Congress has had an annual average of U.S. $ 600 million over the past three years. CNS also supports over 500,000 projects service. Authority to implement the projects is largely devolved to the states, and delivered through grants to nonprofit organizations, public y. Projects focused on efforts to address education, environment, public safety and a wide range of human service needs. In addition to the programs supported by CNS, many nonprofit organizations organized youth service programs.
United Kingdom – Government policy presents board in connection with the voluntary sector, including youth service, funding for the programs of youth services provided through several government departments (Homebase Office, DfEE and DCMMS); DfEE is responsible for two government-sponsored programs – Millennium Volunteers (MV) (1998) and European Voluntary Service. Voluntary sector bodies, which predate the recent government initiative in youth services, delivery programs within the framework established by the government, in partnership with the government. MV participants serve a minimum of 100 hours. Size in full operation is expected to be 150,000 participants per year in England and to a lesser extent in other countries. DfEE also introduced a new curriculum, which will require public education for all children over 11 years in 2001. The funds supported by the National Lottery, the Millennium Award Plan, which supports social entrepreneurs through a competitive process. Private sector support for youth service is significant.
Kenya – The National Youth Service is a voluntary program for 2000 unemployed high school graduates each year, ages 18-22, who serve for 2-3 years in projects that address national development needs and contribute to personal and professional development of participants. (This year there were no new entrants due to lack of funds.) Programs youth NGOs are also services such as Kenya Scouts and several targets young people in vulnerable areas such as rural communities and urban slums.
South Africa – A white paper calling for the establishment of a national voluntary youth Service (NYS) was developed by the National Youth Commission in 1999 and sent to Cabinet for approval. If approved, the New York State will develop programs to involve unemployed youth, and technik university students and young people participate in the criminal justice system. Five pilot projects were launched in
Second National Youth Conference for Development Our Future Now – empowering young people through youth development workshops International Perspectives
2000 and provide the basis for the expansion of a national program. incentives and financing of government policy has created a push for education institutions higher to meet the development needs of the community by involving students and teachers with the work of NGOs and community organizations. In 1998 the government required that all graduates of medical school to spend a compulsory year serving in disadvantaged communities. In 1995, the unemployment rate for men and young women was 23%, excluding students. 16.2 m of young 14-35, 39% of the total population
Costa Rica – The government requires that all medical professionals trained to serve one year in the Social Service program, serving disadvantaged populations in urban and rural areas. A recent government policy implementation requires community service programs in all secondary schools but does not require that the service must be related to the curriculum. The University of Costa Rica requires all students to perform community service work in relation with their academic studies. Several NGOs are developing community service programs with disadvantaged young people.
Universal Basic Education Scheme
Summary of the UBE
As shown in the official reference Gazette of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (2004), the law providing for compulsory universal basic education and provides penalties for parents who do not meet with this provision. On the question of relevance of school curricula to society Ehindero (2000) Adesina (2000) have expressed doubts it was observed that there is a growing poverty rate, which is an indicator of problems in the system. This suggested that should be structured so that each will be equipped to perform six functions of life for example, as an individual role as a producer, citizen, national consumer and as a member of the family. With regard to the provision of human and material resources regards, Adebimpe (2001) felt that for the UBEto success, adequate provision should be made to produce enough qualified teachers and relevant within the limit of their area of specialization. Wages must be paid at maturity to because it serves as a motivating factor towards productivity.
INCORPORATION UBE in the NYSC scheme
What is UBE
First, it will be important to examine what it means to UBE, its objectives and the general framework, the fundamental principle of universal basic education in Nigeria is that everyone should have access to education comprehensive and equal co-educational. The concept of Universal Primary Education (UPE), introduced in 1976. (6 years of education) was the change in basic education (9 years of education) Twenty-three years later. Basic education is not entirely new, but its meaning has been expanded after World
Declaration on Education for All (EFA), and Framework for Action to meet the learning needs B ASIC. Olusegun Obasanjo formally launched the UBE in Nigeria on September 30, 1999. The program is intended to be universal, free and compulsory. Since the introduction of Western education in 1842 (Eya, 2000), regions, states and federal government in Nigeria have shown a strong interest in education. The aim of all these programs is to provide functional universal, and quality education for all Nigerians regardless of age, sex, race, religion, occupation or location.
UBE is broader than UPE, which focused only on providing educational opportunities to children of school age. UBE stresses the inclusion of girls and women and a number of disadvantaged groups: the poor, street and working children, rural and remote populations, nomads, migrant workers, people indigenous people, minorities, refugees, and disabled. The formal education system is one of the six components included in basic education guidelines implementing the Federal Government. Others relate to early childhood, literacy and life skills of adults, the nomadic population, and non-formal education or apprenticeship training for young people outside formal education system (Nigeria, 2000).
Education has continued a process social capacity building and maintenance of society for decades. It is a weapon for the acquisition of skills, knowledge and habits to survive in the changing world. Invariably, the main problem identified in the system of Nigeria is in the automatic promotion UBE, ie 100% of promotional and transition for nine years. In fact, this is a mockery of any form of assessment done at this level and is forced to reflect on the level of distance education in any future objectives of universal basic education The program objectives as specified in the application guideline for
government in 1999 are:
- In development for all citizens, a strong consciousness for education and a strong commitment to their promotion vigorous
- Provision of free universal basic education for every Nigerian child of school age
- Reducing drastically the incidence of abandonment of the formal school system
- The emphasis on youth, education and other children aged children or adolescent through the proper form of complementary approaches to the delivery of UBE
– Ensure the acquisition of adequate levels of literacy, numeracy, manipulative communication and life skills and ethical values, moral and civic requirements to lay a solid foundation for life long living.
Judging by the research published by Anne Fabiyi ADenola Adepoju and the problem is universal access education has been the priority for Nigeria in the last four decades, Nigeria is a signatory to declarations on Education for All. Igwe (2006) reported that the United Nations Organization (UN), article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in part that everyone has the right to education, and this shall be free in the elementary and primary schools. Thus, both national and international level, Nigeria is committed to providing basic education to all its citizens. Many attempts have been made in this direction, but without significant positive results have been recorded. The problem of implementation remains a problem Perennial to compliance with constitutional and social obligation which enabled access to everyone. They also concluded that research that the cost of education has been reported that the annual increase, and despite the increase in budget allocation for the implementation of educational policies, funds are still not adequate. With the To support the government's new policy called for sharing the burden of funding from other stakeholders. The local community is expected to be used to establish the infrastructure necessary. In this research, the directors / managers of community schools to assess the level of participation is very low. The lack of commitment and general apathy towards the course of a successful implementation of the UBE has been a problem. A survey by research and Ker Okwori revealed that participation of individuals, private and three levels of government found that the best option for financing and managing schools UBE. massive provision of education and learning facilities and improvement of existing improve the program. The use of other facilities that improve communication and productivity is also a mark of a good performance. Falayajo, Makoju, Gladys, Okebukola, Onugha and Olubade (1997) assessed the learning achievement of primary four pupils in Nigeria and found this has not improved. Almost ten years after its investigation, this research also reveals that teachers, performance is rated as low as achievements of students. The Directors noted that the use of computers is limited to awareness and computer literacy to a large extent. Utilization computer for the application is not emphasized. The use of computers should not be limited to teaching and learning, but for the school administration. Askar et al (2006) said that computers in primary schools in Turkey have become widely used in administrative work and, in fact, information technology has entered the lives of teachers. Government policy on enforcing the attendance of the UB program has not been applied since most parents are still needed to keep their children and back rooms. This research revealed that only a small group (17.8%) of respondents agreed that the government was concerned with all needs of the school while the majority (82.2%) say their parents were heavily involved in funding their school fees. Adesina (2004) noted that private schools, communities and individual parents should be called upon to fund UBE He said it was wrong and misleading propaganda that education you can get absolutely free as actual field experience have shown that this type of propaganda is more a political gimmick than a statement of good intentions. It noted that the greater the participation in any enterprise, the greater the interest and commitment of stakeholders in this endeavor. A law that allows to force parents to leave behind no child should be forced. Other practical measures that could be taken to advance UBE in Nigeria is to give national recognition to an organization particular and local communities who have contributed through the commitment and financial support to the ideals of the program.
LA NEED FOR INTEGRATION IN NYSC UBE
I think the main objective of setting up the NYSC scheme has been a long time, unless we want to throw far from the truth, Nigeria joined more than ever a crisis that is now not as a result of ethnic minorities is not as a result of religious purpose but its just a selfish nature of our political leaders are supposed to, it is proper to the fact that young Nigerians even choose a career, marriage and even settlements in the state of implementation at NYSC, but now we have the club and NYSC Alumni congregation has been instituted,
Even stated in (nigerianouline.com) that NYSC has a multiplier effect
The achievements of the scheme which are both tangible and intangible, are many, and they play all known areas of human activity. The program has in recent years for the regular and effective distribution of skilled labor, constant rupture of social and cultural barriers and building bridges across the country friendly.
It has also promoted higher values of national unity and development, renewed interest in areas neglected but vital qualities of national development such as agriculture, and promote leadership in our youth. In these and other ways, the steady thorn in the conscience of the nation over the right to development, keeping hope alive for a better Nigeria.
Tion regular invitations Corps members to participate in the conduct of sensitive assignments national Census of Population, elections, etc. and to provide material for the Technical Assistance Corps (TAC), is not only an expression of faith in the ability of the system, but also a recognition of their achievements monumental since its inception in 1973. Positive multiplier effects on society these achievements are worthy of further consideration, having, for example, deployemnt of Corps members.
From its humble beginnings of some 2,000 corps members in 1973, has rapidly grown to a staggering 85,000 annual members Corps in 1999. This phenomenal growth, while ensuring that the presence of the system is felt in every nook and cranny of the Federation, also allows the distribution uniform labor in the best interest of the country.
this demonstrates the extent of their success, but the problem of the NYSC has to do with the implementation and management system, the following has been observed
- with the financing of the relevant bodies
- corpers welfare are not taking into account
- Member Corp are subject to the system for selfish reasons (letter of issue)
- has been irregularities in the pattern of movement of the members, especially corp PPA
- corpers end up not doing anything because they have not used in the field of studies there.
The above problem elista are a function of the federal government's refusal to call oblirge Nigerians to revitalize or evaluate the system a greater height, first the issue of financing the system is under unded this led to problems in mobilizing members of group B 2007/2008 corp, although the federal government under the leadership of President Umaru Yar'Adua came into the and was able to mobilize the graduates who are ready to serve that year. Because the universities and polytechnics in Nigeria is more than 100,000 graduates each year ona, and as we all know that the plan began with just about 2,000 graduates, this means that the regime has grown fromits previous state, the population expanded, the larger ideal and the necessity of their objectives that should strengthen, not be overemphasized.
The welfare aspect of the corp member is of great concern as well, but care is a function funding for an institution not well funded I wonder how it will be able to carry out the task-member welfare corp, corp, wrinkled Member brow is about the monthly allowance is paid, because you can change a corp member in Lagos Meiduguri Mshin Thebes in Borno state can imagine a I graduate trying to cope with 9750 naira ", although it remains part of the training" say what to me was moved bariga in Lakes Machina in Yobe State. With no benefit, except the federal allocation, I think part of the review to be carried out should join the upward revision of the allocation corp members.
As for the selfishness of corp members, only to experience the system for others to get your shipment certificate for employment must change in other words, these NYSC scheme should be seen as returning a bit to what your country has done for you, because it seems as if it's just a ritual that all graduates should and then we all meet / went for it, do not forget this idea that "I do not think what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country" because it really true if you look at it people will say that Nigeria is on its own, there is little or no impact on the Government being of its citizens and as such, what you are serving the nation, this notion should be corrected for state or not, it is important to serve their nation and government and the institution must undertake campaign mass against this idea because it is damaging to the measure because members Corp not get better there because of this reason.
The most important all is the appearance of irregularities inposting corp members to non-state and more importantly that the respective local governments, members were sent to corp all other urban centers were sent to rural areas of all the cardinal objectives of the NYSC which are listed in (Nigeria.com)
- Elimination of ignorance
- Regular source of income
- Leadership training
- National consciousness
- Socio-economic development
- Education
- Health
- Rural development
Rural development is of great importance and deserve to be paying much attention because they are needed once the members of the Corporation, due more to the fact that the concept rural-urban migration is a function of the unequal distribution of Socal infrastructure such as education, roads, electricity, etc. Now the members Corp ready-made tools that could be used to reduce the gap, and to bring modernization to these areas is a clear example that the community tends to provide good housing units for corp members, electricity and even telecommunications networks, now Fika camp in the state of Yobe, which Celtel, MTN and Glo Mobile Network became the result of the orientation camp grounds in town, and also set corpers restaurant, bring various other modern electronic gadget to name a few facilities to the area. Consequently, most rural people are poor and hungry social
services and will have to be able whether these facilities should be provided to the community, local government example Machina that very few of the Indian computer literate and can even use the Internet is not published until corpers to those areas and they started using all these facilities and involve the community in a training program before they could be able to use computers. This program was made by myself in the service area of community development not only for the villagers, but also for corp members, also met from (Nigeria.com) that while all these have the effect of enhancing economic and political activities, company regime in agriculture since 1984 deserves special mention. It should be recalled that at this time, agriculture had become a very desirable area neglect of our national life. Accordingly, a food crisis looming, and it was mainly to prevent the scheme is it necessary to go into agriculture, and it paid off. Shortly after his farming enterprise, started paying more attention to this subsector with all the seriousness it deserves.
So if all members corp was posted to the inner parts of the country to serve, then the development of the countryside that we all seek is achieved.
In the aspect of the underutilization and / or non-use of corp members has been a persistent problem in establishing corp members have not been used correctly and that addressed the can be used as personal office in the place where services are needed they are exhausted and overworked with little pay, because they are considered cheap labor, and they are not charge of property rights.
Elsewhere Corps members are assigned tasks that have nothing to do with the training and trainees are not considered redundant because they have little or nothing to do in that department, this amount corpers not to acquire any service experience is tearing consider it a waste of time and action, as such, does not contribute to national development.
Also of importance is the special preference to provide physicians with regard to accommodation, subsistence special and so on, while others, such as engineers, lawyers, accountants are considered normal, this by itself requires that there is an uneven recognition Corps members in a community service.
NYSC OBJECTIVES WITH REGARD MUST UBE AND OTHER
- Transforming Education Strengthening Civil Society and Social Responsibility
- Productivity and Economic Development Participant Development Youth, Social Development and Poverty Elimination
- Cultural and Policy Integration
The mode of travel and the use of corp members should be
- all prospective corp members should be sent to the rural area
People say what about areas like Lagos where everywhere has been undeveloped, they also say that areas like Igbogbo, Imoto, Ibeche, Obadore and other needs in Epe corp members to serve in the community. If all members corp colleague also know that there is in a rural area that is the point he / she knows we're together in this, and the need to be sober when you receive your letter of displacement will not occur, will also reduce corruption in NYSC, because people with regard to persons at the top is no way to find the major cities of Nigeria.
2. from the universal basic education is facing a lot of problem in terms manpower and other infrastructure, all corpers should be taught in schools, except the doctors who were sent to hospitals in rural areas, I think that if doctors were sent to rural areas but also bring development in terms of medical services to that area they require the competent authority rather than publishing to the local government secretariat where they will do anything. Each graduate in Nigeria must be able to teach in high school and when the need arises primary school.
For this purpose, that of NYSC national unity to prevent the accumulation of cultural, social, and political integration basic education will be achieved. Because the rural area will be a major beneficiary of the system. Before the UBE, the programs were rigid and inflexible focusing on formal education at the expense of, pre-professional and technical education. Technical equipment is imported and distributed to secondary schools to facilitate training in technology, but few technicians were available to run it. In some cases, communities are able to provide an environment which was conducive to achieving proficiency in the operation of the machines. Specifically, the curriculum is facing problems such as
: • stiffness;
• lack of availability of funds for the Nigerian Education Research and Development Council (NERDC) to review a basic education regular;
• Limited capacity-building for curriculum experts;
• inability to meet the need of the immediate environment.
In this regard corp member can fill in this connection and manage the best teams because of there vast experience and exposure in these areas.
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